Corneal Dystrophy
Description of the Disease and Clinical Picture
Corneal dystrophy is a term that describes multiple different pathological conditions, which can be hereditary and progressive, leading to the appearance of minor or major localized opacities on the cornea. Corneal dystrophy is usually present in both eyes, however asymmetric presence (presence of dystrophy in one eye) can be observed as well. Uncontrolled allergies and other diseases/metabolic disorders, such are pancreatitis, hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease can result in the worsening of corneal dystrophic changes. 
Systemic and topical use of steroids can result in the worsening of corneal dystrophies. Characteristic changes on the cornea occur as a result of abnormal corneal metabolism, during which deposits of cholesterol, lipids, and calcium are formed. These are mostly superficial, and less frequently penetrate deeper into the corneal stroma. They appear as individual white or grayish deposits of various shapes and textures. Sometimes the changes are multiple and punctate. There are no signs of eye inflammation, and no corneal neovascularization (appearance of a network of new blood vessels). Many dog breeds are prone to some form of corneal dystrophy, most commonly diagnosed in Siberian Huskies, Beagles, Shetland Sheepdogs, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Cocker Spaniels, Bichons, and German Shepherds. The corneal deposits do not significantly affect the quality of vision and usually do not cause eye irritation. Sometimes, due to the deposition of calcium in the epithelium or stroma of the cornea, brittle crystalline deposits of calcium may break off from the cornea, leaving behind a painful ulcer that may become infected. In dogs where corneal dystrophy results in recurrent ulcerations, pain, and ocular discomfort, a surgical resection of the dystrophic regions is indicated.
 
Therapy
Diagnosis is made based on an examination with a slit lamp. A complete blood count, biochemistry, and hormonal status should be examined to rule out the existence of any systemic diseases that could lead to similar changes. Therapy is usually pursued by providing medical support to improve the quality of the tear film, and provide the control of the allergic eye disease. In the case of complications after the deposition of calcium on the cornea, surgical intervention is advised.
 
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